Traditional CBD and THC are mixed with delivery oils such as MCT, Olive, Sesame oil, etc. A delivery system mixes with CBD and THC to allow it to be flowable, but at the same time to act as the carrier of CBD and THC into your system. When using oils like the above the bioavailable is around 3-6% bioavailable.

Bioavailability is the extent to which absorption occurs. In other words, bioavailability is the fraction of the administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in the unchanged form. The intravenous route lacks a phase of absorption as the drug is directly injected into the systemic circulation.

Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) is a kind of solid or liquid formulation composed of drugs, oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. It could form a fine emulsion (micro/nano) in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Later on, the formed emulsion is absorbed through the lymphatic pathway. The oral bioavailability of drugs in SEDDS would be improved for bypassing the first-pass effect of the liver. Therefore, SEDDS has become a vital strategy to increase the oral bioavailability of poor water-soluble drugs.

Full Spectrum, Broad Spectrum, and Isolate refer to types of cannabis extracts, also called concentrates. The terms are intended to indicate the amount of plant-produced therapeutic chemicals present in addition to the primary cannabinoids (CBD and/or THC); they are a shorthand way of conveying the diversity of bioactive material in a given extract.

CBD also contains several cannabis plant compounds, but it is typically entirely free of THC.

One of the compounds in a broad-spectrum CBD is Terpenes that can cause an entourage effect. The definition of the Entourage Effect is relatively simple; it is the theory that cannabinoids have more favourable actions when delivered with a higher proportion of native phytochemicals such as terpenes, flavonoids and other cannabinoids. This manifests as both amplification of positive effects (efficacy) and modulation of undesirable ones (tolerability).

Thus Broad Spectrum applies to extractions that aim to retain a large complement of phytochemicals without the THC, which allows for some Entourage Effect action. Hemp, defined as cannabis plants containing less than 0.3% THC, forms the basis for most Broad Spectrum extracts.

Broad Spectrum can also be created by either adding terpenes, flavonoids and minor cannabinoids to CBD isolate, or by removing THC from Full Spectrum extract via distillation. Compared to Full Spectrum, Broad Spectrum extracts are slightly lighter in colour and while their flavour profiles are similar, they are not as hemp-forward and bold.

Limonene is one of the most common monoterpenes found in nature, especially in Cannabis sativa and citrus plants such as lemons, limes, and oranges, but also in peppermint, juniper, and rosemary. It has an energizing strong, sweet, citrusy aroma

Limonene is a terpene, with its most common form called D-limonene. And it’s one of the most abundant terpenes in nature. If you’ve smelled citrus rind, there’s a good chance you know exactly what limonene is. Some marijuana strains contain limonene, too, which can give the strains a sweet, citrusy scent.

Aside from smelling good, you might wonder if limonene has any other effects. There have been animal studies that have shown limonene can reduce skin and breast tumors in mice.

It’s important to note that while limonene can be ingested, the World Health Organisation has stated that it can irritate the skin and eyes. It can also cause contact allergies when in certain types of products, so be careful when it comes to topicals.

However, when it comes to marijuana strains, it’s unlikely that the levels of limonene pose any risk.

Of course, limonene is also found in certain marijuana strains and helps contribute to the entourage effect.

POTENTIAL BENEFITS:

Reducing risk factors :

Limonene may lower your risk of heart disease by reducing certain risk factors, such as elevated cholesterol, blood sugar, and triglyceride levels.

Mood elevation:

Limonene can also quell stress and help fight depression and anxiety. In addition to its positive mental health perks, limonene has anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and even anti-cancer properties.

Antifungal properties

Improves absorption of other terpenes

Limonene may protect against stomach ulcers

Stress relief

Studies suggest that limonene could be used in aromatherapy as an anti-stress and anti-anxiety agent

Antibacterial properties :

Limonene has effective anti-inflammatory activity in both preventing and controlling respiratory system injuries.

It is the most common sesquiterpene in cannabis and the most abundantly produced terpene in nature. It is the only terpene known to directly activate the CB2 receptor. Therefore, it is sometimes also classed as an atypical cannabinoid

Beta-Caryophyllene is naturally occurring in black pepper, cloves, hops, rosemary and in many of the known cannabis strains

Caryophyllene is a terpene, so it can’t be a sativa or an indica. But it can be found in both indica and sativa strains, and there are plenty of hybrid strains that have high levels of caryophyllene.

POTENTIAL BENEFITS:

Anti-inflammatory

There are numerous inflammatory diseases that affect the digestive tract. Colitis is one such disease where inflammation of the intestines causes pain, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and even increases the risk for cancer. In mice that were experimentally given colitis, treatment with caryophyllene helped by decreasing inflammation in the colon.

Supports the immune system

CB2 receptors are found in immune tissues throughout the body and are increased in the brain in disease or following injury. Their activation reduces inflammation, which lessens pain and reduces the damaging consequences that chronic inflammation has on brain function and risk for developing brain diseases.

Promotes digestive health

Antimicrobial

Antibacterial

Antioxidant

Analgesic (relieves pain)

The data suggest that, in many cases, caryophyllene can provide pain relief. In one study, scientists injected mice with caryophyllene and found that they experienced less pain than those treated with the control solution. Furthermore, caryophyllene enhanced the pain-reducing strength of low-dose morphine. This could be one reason why those using prescription opioids for pain are often able to decrease their dose of opioids when they begin using medical cannabis.

Anxiolytic (relieves anxiety)

Beta-caryophyllene can produce calming sedative effects and is valued for its anti-anxiety properties. In fact, this terpene may be responsible for the reported relief that comes from chewing black peppercorns during acute anxiety attacks.